Data analysis on physical and mechanical properties of cassava pellets

In this data article, laboratory experimental investigation results carried out at National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization(NCAM) on moisture content,machine speed,die diameter of the rig, and the outputs (hardness,durability,bulk density,and unit density of the pellets) at different levels of cassava pellets were observed. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design with factorial was used to perform analysis for each of the outputs: hardness,durability,bulk density,and unit density of the pellets. A clear description one ach of these outputs was considered separately using tables and figures. It was observed that for all the output with the exception of unit density,their main factor effects as well as two and three ways interactions is significant at 5% level.This means that the hardness,bulk density and durability of cassava pellets respectively depend on the moisture content of the cassava dough,the machine speed,the die diameter of the extrusion rig and the combinations of these factors in pairs as well as the three altogether .Higher machine speeds produced more quality pellets at lower die diameters while lower machine speed is recommended for higher die diameter.Also the unit density depends on die diameter and the three-way interactiononly.Unit density of cassava pellets is neither affected by machine para- meters nor moisture content of the cassava dough.Moisture content of cassava dough,speed of the machine and die diameter of the extrusion rigare significant factors to be considered in pelletizing cassava to produce pellets.Increase in moisture content of cassava dough increase the quality of cassava pellets

Drying kinetic of industrial cassava flour: Experimental data in view

In this data article,laboratory experimental investigation results on drying kinetic properties:the drying temperature(T), drying air velocity (V) and de watering time(Te),each of the factors has five levels, and the experiment was replicated three times and the output: drying rate and drying time obtained,were observed.The experiment was conducted at National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM)for a period of eight months,in 2014. Analysis of variance was carried out using randomized complete block design with factorial experiment on each of the outputs:drying rate and drying times of the industrial cassava flour.A clear picture one ach of these out puts was provide deseparately using tables and figures. It was observed that all the main factors as well as two and three ways interactions are significant at5%level for both drying time and rate. This also implies that the rate of drying grated unfermented cassava mash, to produce industrial cassava flour,depend on the de watering time (the initial moisture content),temperature of drying,velocity of drying air as well as the combinations of these factorsal together.It was also discovered that all the levels of each of these factors are significantly difference from one another.In summary,the b time of drying is a function of the de watering time which was responsible for the initial moisture content. The higher the initial moisture content the longer the time of drying, and the lower the initial moisture content, the lower the time of drying.Also,the higher the temperature of drying the shorter the time of drying and vice versa.Also,the air velocity effect on the drying process was significant. As velocity increases, rate of drying also increases and vice versa.Finally,it can be deducedthatthedryingkineticsareinfluenced bythesepro- cessing factors

Breast cancer patients in Nigeria:Data exploration approach

Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops from breast tissue;it is mostly common in women and it is one of the most studied diseases, largely because of its high mortality(second to lung cancer). However,it occursinmales also.This article presents a statistical study of the distribution of age,gender,length of stay, mode of diagnosis,status(dead or alive)after treatment and the location of breast cancer among 300 patients admitted in the University of Ilorin teaching hospital,Ilorin, Nigeria. The study covers a period of five (5)years;from 2011 to 2016 and logistic regression was used to perform the basic analysis int his study. It was discovered that the age of patient sand the location of the breast cancer(right or left)contributes significantly to the survival of the patients.However,early detection and treatment of the disease is highly encouraged.This study also recommends that awareness should be taken to the grassroots and males should not be excluded from this discussio

Lipid profile in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in southern Nigeria

Background: Dyslipidaemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors responsible for cardiovascular disease and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end stage renal disease. Early detection and management of dyslipidaemia will reduce cardiovascular burden and retard progression of CKD.Aims: To determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in pre-dialysis CKD patients in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria.Methods: This was a case-control study that involved 105 consecutive pre-dialysis CKD patients recruited over two years and 105 age and sex matched control subjects. Data obtained from participants included demographics, body mass index, and aetiology of CKD. Blood sampling was done for the determination of creatinine and fasting serum lipids. P values < 0.05 were taken as significant.Results: The mean age of the CKD and control subjects were 46.98±16.81 and 47.57±15.97 years respectively with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The median atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in the CKD patients while mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the CKD patients (p <0.001). The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the CKD patients was 60% which was significantly higher than 39% in the control (p=0.002). The prevalence of high AIP, elevated TG and reduced HDL C increased with worsening renal function. Dyslipidaemia was commoner in female CKD patients (p=0.02) and those who were ≥ 45years (p=0.94).Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is common in pre-dialysis CKD especially in female and older patients. Some lipid abnormalities increased with worsening kidney function.Keywords: dyslipidaemia, pre-dialysis, chronic kidney disease, Nigeri

Exploration of solar radiation data from three geo-political zones in Nigeria

In this paper,readings of solar radiation received at three meteorological sites in Nigeria were analysed. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)statistical test was carried out on the data set to observe the significant differences on radiations for each quarter of the specified years.The data were obtained in raw form from Nigerian Meteorological Agency(NIMET),Oshodi,Lagos.In order to get a clear description and visualization of the fluctuations of the radiation data,each year were considered independently,where it wasdiscoveredthatforthe3rdquarterofeachyear,thereisa great fallintheintensityofthesolarradiationtoaslowas73.27 (W/m2), 101.66(W/m2), 158.51(W/m2) for Ibadan,Port-Harcourt and Sokoto respectively.A detailed data description is available for the averages across months fore a chquarter.The data can provide insights on the health implications of exposure to solar radiation and the effect of solar radiation on climate change,food produc- tion, rainfall and flood pattern

OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER ON POWER SYSTEM FOR VOLTAGE STABILITY ENHANCEMENT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE

The desire for an enhanced power transfer capability and quality of electricity delivered to the customers has led to emergence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS). This work compares power system voltage stability with and without compensation. The compensation is done by optimal placement of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. The algorithm to implement the stabilizing processes employed Newton-Raphson-based load flow equations in MATLAB R2018a environment. The stability of Nigerian 330 kV, 30–bus network was assessed before and after the implementation of UPFC and UPFC-ANN controlled. The results obtained without compensation showed: New Haven, Onitsha, Gombe, Jos, Kano and Calabar with voltage magnitude of 0.9003, 0.9468, 0.6608, 0.8141, 0.8138 and 0.9319 p.u, respectively violated the statutory limit of 0.951.05 p.u and total active power loss was 218.76 MW. With UPFC on bus Calabar, the total active power loss reduced to 200.85 MW, while buses New Haven, Gombe, Jos and Kano produced voltage magnitude of 0.9130, 0.6608, 0.8141 and 0.8138 p.u, respectively, still constrained. ANN based UPFC placement on bus Gombe - the most critical bus with Voltage stability index (VSI) of 0.9252, the voltage magnitude of buses New Haven, Onitsha, Gombe, Jos, Kano and Calabar enhanced to 0.9533, 0.9552, 1.0481, 1.0399, 1.0425 and 1.0081 p.u, respectively and total active power loss reduced by 28.81% compared with 8.19% reduction with UPFC. The study revealed ANN controlled UPFC is suitable and appropriate for improving voltage stability and reducing power loss on power system

Design and Construction of A Domestic Solar Power Bank in a Convective Environment

Objective: This research seeks to solve the problem of storing solar energy in small scale modules for domestic use. Method: The Solar Power Bank (SPB) was constructed with local materials based on their individual properties. The functionality of the SPB was tested in a convective environment. Davis automatic Weather Station (DWS) was used to get the weather parameters (like solar irradiance, solar energy and temperature) for each day the SPB was tested. The maximum solar irradiance for four days (during the experiment) were 220 W/m2, 208 W/m2, 450 W/m2 and 900 W/m2. The maximum solar energy was 0.33 J, 03 J, 0.64 J and 1.33 J. Result: The maximum voltage and power obtained from the Solar Power Bank (SPB) was 0.18V and 0.065W respectively. The design showed tremendous heat energy entrapment during solar irradiance peak as the temperature in the SPB was about three times the DWS. Conclusion: It was specifically noted that the convection of the heat transfer that is triggered by the glass shield determines the functionality of the thermo-electric module. This is a clear indication that though the power output may be low to charge the batteries, the prospects of the SPB to operate in convective-rural communities (in tropic region) is very hig

RESPONSE OF WEANED PIGS TO DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES AND DIET TYPES

Pig is one of the most consumed meat across the globe. However, its production is limited by high cost of feed ingredients. Hence, the search for alternative cheap feed ingredients without any loss to animal’s performance is on the increase. The influence of different protein sources and feed types (wet or dry) was investigated on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of weaned pigs. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for soybean and full-fat soya-based diets. Feed and water intake were not significantly different amongst treatments. Nature of feed did not influence weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Groundnut cake meal may compare with soybean meal in pig’s diet, but it may have to be supplemented with lysine, methionine or fish meal.   &nbsp

Statistical Properties and Applications of A New Lindley Exponential Distribution

In this study, a New Lindley Exponential distribution was studied using the Lindley generalized family of distributions. Expressions for its densities, survival function, hazard function, quantile function and distribution of order statistics were derived. Its sub-models were identified and the New Lindley Exponential distribution was applied to two real life datasets to assess its flexibility over the Lindley distribution and the Exponential distribution. The results indicate that the New Lindley Exponential distribution performed better than both the Lindley distribution and the Exponential distribution based on their log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criteria value

Preparation of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Biomass from Sugarcane Bagasse

In this study, the pretreatment by milling, dilute-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, and subsequent fermentation of its glucose product was performed to investigate the effects of process conditions on the production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hydrolysis was carried out using HCl at three substrate concentrations of 20, 25, and 30% (w/v) of bagasse to distilled water. Hydrolysis parameters (time, acid concentration, and temperature) were varied for each case of substrate concentration in full factorial experiments, and an optimum glucose yield of 1.907 g/L was obtained with the 20% (w/v) substrate concentration, at conditions of 10 min time, 0.5 M acid concentration, and 80°C temperature. Thereafter, fermentation experiment was performed with S. cerevisiae in the product of hydrolysis. An optimum ca. 207 yeast number of colonies (yield: 20, 700, 000 cfu/ml) was achieved in 40 h, and the growth of S. cerevisiae was governed by the kinetic equation, ln Xt = 8.4338 + 0.2943t